Element record MCC10084 - Three late Iron Age to early Roman stock enclosures, former Meeanee & Hyderabad Barracks (Site F), Colchester
Summary
Location
Grid reference | Centred TM 0014 2437 (16m by 12m) |
---|---|
Map sheet | TM02SW |
County | ESSEX |
Non Parish Area | COLCHESTER, COLCHESTER, ESSEX |
Map
Type and Period (6)
- STOCK ENCLOSURE (Late Iron Age to Early Roman Colonia - 100 BC to 275 AD)
- POST HOLE (Late Iron Age to Early Roman Colonia - 100 BC to 275 AD)
- GULLY (Late Iron Age to Early Roman Colonia - 100 BC to 275 AD)
- STRUCTURE (Late Iron Age to Early Roman Colonia - 100 BC to 275 AD)
- FENCE (Late Iron Age to Early Roman Colonia - 100 BC to 275 AD)
- STAKE HOLE (Late Iron Age to Early Roman Colonia - 100 BC to 275 AD)
Full Description
Three enclosures were laid out in the late Iron Age or early Roman period: Enclosures 1-3 (E1-E3). There are very few finds associated with any of the enclosures and consequently they were interpreted as stock rather than domeasitc enclosures.<1>
Enclosure 1 (E1) was a roughly oval enclosure, 14m x 9m in area, defined by ditches FF3, FF11 and FF56 (FF11 may have been a recut). An entrance on the SE side of E3 was apparently bisected by short ditch FF10 which may have been part of an stock control system (in combination with the fences labelled S7 and S8). Dated finds are sparse: one LIA sherd from the enclosing ditch FF56, a prehistoric flint from S7 post-hole FF17, a prehistoric sherd (Neolithic to Iron Age) and (undated) daub from internal pit FF9, and a Roman sherd from internal structural post-hole FF4. This material indicates a LIA and Roman date for the creation and use of this enclosure. There were a number of features which did not form any clear structural patterns with the exception of two possible fences:
Structure 7 (internal): FF12, FF14, FF16-18, FF57 Structure 8 (external and in the entrance to E1): FF36, FF57, FF76, (possibly extended by FF40, FF41)
The northern half of E2 coincided with Site F, immediately south of E1. It was defined by undated ditches FF262 and FF295, and had an entranceway on its NE side and was 13m wide (E to W). Within the enclosure were three undated pits (FF298-300), and post-holes FF265-6, FF302 and FF305. A large number of stake-holes along the inner edge of the enclosure ditch probably defined fences.
E3 consisted of a shallow gully FF80, which defined an oval-shaped enclosure, 9m x 11.5m in extent, a few metres to the east of E1. Within the enclosing ditch were a number of arcs and circles of post-holes and stake-holes. These formed three circles of posts: inner, centre, and outer, forming a 'convincing circular structure' (S1):
Inner circuit (2.75-3m diameter): FF96, FF98/108, FF102, FF101, FF93-4, FF130, FF92, FF131-2, FF91, FF90, FF89, FF88, FF85, FF144, FF146-7 (with possible repair phase indicated by post which are slightly offset – FF95, FF86-7, FF83, FF84, FF142-3, FF97, FF218).
Centre circuit (3.9m diameter): FF178, FF133, FF220, FF219, FF145, FF127, FF126, FF125, FF99 FF100.
Outer circuit (5.25-6m diameter): FF180, FF169, FF179, FF134, FF 226, 238, 227, 247, 229, FF72, FF73, FF217, FF120-23.
There is very little ceramic dating evidence from E3 which also suggests a non-domestic use. Although the enclosing ditch FF80 contained two small sherds of prehistoric pottery (4g in total) and a prehistoric flint, it also produced two Roman sherds and an iron nail. The only find from any of the post-holes or stake-holes forming the circular structure is a fragment of fired clay from FF72 in the outer circle. The only other finds are from the fences around the inner edge of the enclosure, and from a nearby structure, were a Roman tile fragment from FF109 (Fence 3) and a Roman sherd from post-hole FF149 (Structure 2). Two stake-holes within the enclosure contain a prehistoric sherd (FF150) and a Roman sherd (FF167). Th ereport (p.72) states, 'It is suggested above that E3 was an animal enclosure with an internal hut (perhaps used as a byre or lambing hut by sherpherds)'.
Enclosure E3 was put out of use when ditches FF74/FF79 and FF65 cut enclosure ditch FF80. Although neither ditch contained any finds, at least FF74/FF79 must be of the Roman period because it was cut by a large Roman E-W field ditch FF7.
Sources/Archives (1)
- <1> SCC72918 EXCAV REPORT: Brooks, Howard. 2016. A Late Iron Age dyke, Roman and Anglo-Saxon burials, a Roman coin hoard, and a Civil War fort: Stage 1b archaeological evaluation and Stage 2 excavation at Colchester Garrison Alienated Land Area A1. CAT Report 628, pp.63-74.
Finds (0)
Protected Status/Designation
- None recorded
Related Monuments/Buildings (1)
Related Events/Activities (1)
Record last edited
Dec 16 2016 11:23AM