Monument record MCC8116 - Roman saltern 900m north west of Bower Hall Farm

Summary

Red hill.

Location

Grid reference Centred TM 0226 1545 (122m by 135m)
Map sheet TM01NW
Civil Parish WEST MERSEA, COLCHESTER, ESSEX

Map

Type and Period (3)

Full Description

Red hill. Briquetage includes hearths, vessels, pedestals and firebars. <1> - <13>
The principal features of the saltern are a substantial mound surrounded by a square bank and an earthwork causeway which runs from this to the sea wall. The enclosure bank survives to a height of up to 2m along parts of its southern, eastern and western sides (the northern side having been partially eroded away by tidal action) and is 4m wide enclosing an area approximately 50m square; on the outside of the bank is a 1m wide ditch. Within the enclosed area in a roughly central position is the mound of the red hill which survives to a maximum height of some 10m. Running in a south easterly direction from the southern bank of the enclosure for some 70m is a raised earthwork platform 10 to 15m wide; it appears to form a causeway across the salt marsh connecting the monument to the adjoining pasture south of the sea wall.
The monument may be of two periods: excavations have shown the saltern to be early Roman in date, whereas the banked enclosure and earthwork causeway may be later additions, representing reuse of the raised ground of the red hill as a dry enclosure for grazing livestock. Much of the soil of the salt marsh immediately adjacent to the monument is red in colour; some areas could be open hearths or fire floors, the red colour resulting from the artificial heating of the brine. <14>

The earthwork enclosure, causeway and mound of the red hill area were updated as part of the NMP update August 2009 <14-16>.

Sources/Archives (18)

  • <1> DESC TEXT: unknown. 1960 0nwards. SMR form unknown.
  • <2> DESC TEXT: Stopes, H. 1887. The Salting Mounds of Essex. Vol I, p.103.
  • <3> DESC TEXT: Cole, W. 1906. Exploration of some Red Hills in Essex with remarks upon the objects found. Vol XIV, p.173.
  • <4> DESC TEXT: Powell, WR. 1963. Victoria County History, Essex, Vol III (VCH). Vol 3, p157.
  • <5> DESC TEXT: Rodwell, Warwick J. 1979. Iron Age and Roman Salt-winning on the Essex Coast. No.73 "Invasion & Response" Site.no.53.
  • <6> Monograph: Fawn, A.J., Evans, K.A., McMaster, I. and Davies, G.M.R.. 1990. The Red Hills of Essex. Salt-making in Antiquity.. Site.no.86.
  • <7> Artifact: Colchester Museum. unknown. ARTEFACT Col Mus. Acc No 6885.27.
  • <8> Artifact: Colchester Museum. unknown. ARTEFACT Col Mus. Acc No 152.28.
  • <9> Artifact: LDPEM. unknown. ARTEFACT LDPEM.
  • <10> DESC TEXT: Tyler, Sue. 2001. Roman saltern 900m north west of Bower Hall Farm.
  • <11> AP: Tyler, Sue. 2000. CP/00/31/1.
  • <12> AP: Tyler, Sue. 2000. CP/00/32/11-13.
  • <13> Photograph: Tyler, Sue. 2001. Roman Saltern Bower Hall Farm, West Mersea. print.
  • <14> Map: Ingle, CJ, Strachan, D, Tyler, S and Saunders, H. 1993-2012. NMP Cropmark Plot - 1:10,000.
  • <15> AP: UK Perspectives. 2000. Millenium photo Survey - digital coverage of the whole of Essex. viewed Aug 09.
  • <16> AP: Google Earth. 2006-2014. Google Earth Online Resource.
  • <17> AP: RAF. unknown. V82-RAF-714-PT 3-414.
  • <18> AP (Digital): Saunders, Helen. 2014. EX14/07/031-036.

Finds (2)

Protected Status/Designation

Related Monuments/Buildings (1)

Related Events/Activities (0)

Record last edited

Nov 3 2015 11:41AM

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