A pre-determination archaeological evaluation by test-pitting (seven test-pits, each c.2 x 2m in size) was carried out in the north and south car parks of Essex County Hospital, Colchester in advance of the redevelopment of the site, to ascertain the depths of significant archaeological horizons (a further test pit was excavated adjacent to the Nurses Home in 2017; see ECC4060).<1> Four test-pits (TP2-5) were excavated in the north car park revealing at least five Roman/probably Roman pits and the remains of a Roman structure, possibly an oven or kiln (in TP4), in test-pits 2, 4 and 5. There were no significant archaeological remains in test-pit 3 but the north part of the site (locations of TP2 and TP3) had been truncated. Roman contexts were recorded at depths of 0.4-0.95m below current ground level. Three test-pits (TP6-8) were excavated in the south car park revealing significant depths of modern and post-medieval remains. Sealed beneath were an unidentified cut Roman feature, an unidentified and undated cut feature, an undated ditch and an undated pit/grave. These remains were recorded at depths of 0.81-1.35m below current ground level. The majority of the finds comprised pottery, ceramic building material (CBM) and animal bone and the majority of datable finds were Roman (some residual in later contexts). Roman pottery was well represented by coarseware forms in greyware (Fabric GX) with a few imported (samian) finewares. Pre-Flavian pottery was either absent or not recognised as there was nothing diagnostic of that period; overall, it appeared likely that there was a significant presence of pottery dating to the late 1st to early 2nd century residual among later-dated material. A significant proportion of the pottery was of mid Roman date, c.2nd to 3rd/early 4th century. Pieces from roof tiles, both tegula (RT) & imbrex (RI), Roman tile-like bricks (RB) and Roman flue tiles (RFT) were identified, while other undiagnostic Roman pieces were classified as Roman brick/tile (RBT). A single small piece of blue-green vessel glass was recovered from TP4 (16). A small piece of Roman wall plaster with a red painted surface was found in the same context. A small, rectangular, sawn stone block was recovered from L9 (21) in TP4; other finds from L9 (20) were of Roman date, dating to the mid to late 2nd century. An illegible Roman 4th-century nummus was recovered from post-medieval/modern cultivated soil/topsoil (L8). There was also a single unstratified (flint-tempered) prehistoric sherd, probably Neolithic or Bronze Age; also, there was a large thick flint flake/lump of possible prehistoric date. There was a much smaller amount of post-medieval and modern material, with no more than a few pieces from any one context.